The origin of the state

 Discuss the origin of the state

The origins of the state date back to ancient Greece. Greek philosophers used the word 'polis' to mean 'state'. Roman philosophers called the state 'Civitas'. The Teutons were the first to mention the great state. They call the state 'Status'. Machiavelli, the father of modern state thought in the sixteenth century, used the word 'state' in his book The Prince.

The state is the basic and most important institution of society. The birth of the state at a certain level of social development. But there is disagreement among political scientists as to when and how the state originated. There are two main theories in the theory of the origin of the state. They are i) philosophical theory and ii) historical theory. The theories that have been researched through the philosophical method and have presented their thoughts on the origin of the state are - the theory of divine origin, the doctrine of coercion, the doctrine of social contract. On the other hand, evolutionism or historical doctrine has been developed by adopting historical methods.

Concepts about national society, race and state are very important in the discussion of political theory. Although there is no significant difference between Nationality and Nation, there is disagreement among political scientists as to the meaning of these two words. Many consider the nation and the state to be one and the same. But there is a natural distinction between the national masses, the nation and the state.

Political scientists like Professor Thomas Hill Green did not want to draw any distinction between the state or the nation. They call the state a politically organized nation or people. But the idea of ​​nation and state is not one. According to scholars, the state is a political concept. Race, on the other hand, is an emotional realization. Even if the state is formed, the process of nation building may not be complete. Elements such as communalism, regionalism and separatism stand in the way of nation building. However, political scientists have ruled that nation and state are complementary to each other. For this reason the state is called the national state.

The theory of the right of the nation to self-determination has long since espoused the principle of 'one nation, one state'. Political scientists have argued for and against this theory. In Europe, nationalism originated as a result of the Renaissance and the Reformation. During the Second World War, its distorted form came to light. The world's thinkers therefore put internationalism as an alternative to nationalism.