How is political science made?

 The beginning of the formation of political science

The famous philosopher Aristotle, the father of political science, said that man who does not live in society is either an animal or God. Aristotle saw society and the state as one. According to him, man has acquired a natural tendency to lead a group life from nature. Gradually the village system developed beyond the boundaries of family needs. Gradually the city-state was formed with many villages. The modern national sovereign state has come a long way in evolution.

According to scholars, the word politics comes from the Greek word 'polis'. The word 'polis' means city. Aristotle discusses 'polis' in detail in his book Politics. However, his discussion of the politics and problems of the city-states of ancient Greece bears no resemblance to the current concept of 'politics'.

In the fifth century BC, state thought was first observed among the sophist thinkers of ancient Greece, such as Protagoras, Euripides, Alcidamas, and Antiphon. The thought of Protagoras matches the hint of humanism. According to him, the true text of man is man himself. Euripides's writings deny inherent social inequality, and even the legitimacy of slavery prevalent in Greek society at the time. According to Euripides, there is one thing that makes a slave feel ashamed, and that is his name. Besides, in no other case is he inferior. Alcidamus used to say that God created all human beings freely, nature did not enslave any human being.

Socrates later overcame the scattered ideas of the Sophists and developed his brilliant philosophy. The essence of the theory propagated by Socrates is that virtue is true knowledge, it can be learned and taught again. Influenced by Socrates' thought, his able student, the Greek philosopher Plato, explained the basic concepts of justice in his famous book, The Republic. In his writings, Plato gave full authority to run the state in the hands of 'philosopher kings'. He gives the most importance to socialism by rejecting the idea of ​​isolated selfish people. Aristotle, a student of Pluto, was the first to elevate politics to the level of a comprehensive science. For this reason he is called the father of political science. His discussion of the ideal state in his book Politics reveals his fundamental differences with Plato's thought. According to him, in a good state, the law will be the ultimate sovereign, not any individual. Aristotle's collection of constitutional histories of 158 Greek city-states opened a new horizon in thought. He believed that the existence of the state depended on the sovereignty of law, the freedom and equality of the citizens, the constitutional government and the moral ideals of civilized people.