How did modern political science originate?

 The origin of the concept of modern political science

 The concept of political science originated in an important chapter in the analysis of social life. For a long time, political science was in the stage of policy-philosophy. Modern political science was born in the sixteenth century at the hands of Machiavelli, the pioneer of the European Renaissance. Machiavelli developed modern state thought by rejecting the logic, religion, morality, etc. of Christian philosophy. Machiavelli introduced a new political philosophy, transcending medieval bigotry and superstitious stereotypes, highlighting the royal sovereignty of a powerful nation-state free of religious control. Machiavelli's successors, Jean Bodan and Thomas Hobbes, initiated a strong, independent state philosophy. Bodan spoke of establishing a strong monarchy to liberate the country from the lawlessness and anarchy that had prevailed in French society in the Middle Ages in the name of religion.

Blaming the Church for the disarray of contemporary society, Hobbes supported the monarchy as a symbol of an ultimate sovereign power. In later politics, the sovereignty of the people was established as an alternative to the monarchy. The glorious revolution of England in 1688, the American independence struggle in 1776, and the theory of lock rights behind the French Revolution in 1789 and Russo's theory of mass sovereignty were groundbreaking. In fact, a new trend in political thought began in the eighteenth century.

The nineteenth century saw a revolutionary breakthrough in politics. During this time the philosophy of idealism, benevolence, liberalism and individualism on the one hand, and materialist Marxist philosophy on the other, was established. Lenin later presented a classical explanation of Marxism. Later, a group of thinkers like Edward Bernstein and Carl Kautsky introduced a different school of thought about socialism. They spoke of establishing socialism in a constitutional manner. This is called democratic socialism.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, behavioral statesmen introduced a new trend outside of traditional politics. Notable among them are Graham Wallace, Arthur Bentley, Charles Merriam, David Easton and others. Behaviorism abandons theoretical and institutionalized discourse in politics and places the utmost importance on the analysis of the behavior of individuals and groups. Behaviorism is an attempt to make the discussion of political science in a completely value-neutral way. Later, in the sixties of the twentieth century, a post-behavioral trend was born in politics.

The nature and scope of politics is constantly changing. According to modern political scientists, recent politics is largely social. The full identity of political life could not be found in the old institutional discussions. It was limited to discussions between state institutions such as Department of Administration, Department of Law, Department of Justice, local autonomous institutions, and so on. For this reason, in modern political discourse, attempts can be made to present a complete picture of political life by reviewing political parties, pressure groups, interest groups, electoral behavior of voters, participation in politics, public opinion, political culture, political socialization etc.

The political scientists of the time raised the issue of power as the main subject of politics. According to Robert Dale, a political system is an uninterrupted stream of human relations with which power, rule or authority is involved. ("A political system is a persistent pattern of human relationships that involves power, rule or authority").